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Facts and places of interest in and around The City of London
Interesting Facts about The City of London
- Since the middle ages the City of London's boundaries have have stayed the same.
- The City of London is often referred to as 'The Square Mile'.
- Originally The City was surrounded by a defensive perimeter wall, known as 'London Wall'. It was the Romans who constructed the wall to protect the port.
- The Natwest Tower was constructed in the 1970s. It has 42 storeys and was the first skyscraper in Brittain.
Places of Interest in and around The City of London
Bank of England
‘The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street' holds the nation's gold supply and issues banknotes. Building began by Sampson in 1734, reconstructed by Soane in 1788 and rebuilt by Herbert Baker in the 1920s and 30s. Figures on bronze doors and façade by Wheeler include ‘Old Lady'. There is a figure of Ariel on the dome. There is a mosaic floor in the entrance hall by Boris Anrep. The Bank of England Museum has displays illustrating the bank's 300 year old history.
Billingsgate
The building was designed by Sir Horace Jones to house the fish market which opened in 1877. The building has mansard roofs and pavilions at either end surmounted by dolphins on weather vanes.
Black Friar
The only Art Nouveau pub in London , built in 1875 and remodlelled in 1905 by H Fuller Clark. Mosaics and carved figures by Henry Poole cover the outside. The interior is decorated in multicoloured marble with bronze figures of monks at work.
Blackfriars Bridge
Cast-iron road bridge opened by Queen Victoria in 1869. Cast-riron Romanesque columns of west railway bridge of 1862 still stand. East railway bridge built 1884-86, leads to Blackfriars Station.
Fleet Street
Centre of Britain 's newspaper industry until the 1980s.
Guildhall
Original building where Court of Common Council meets. Dates from 1411, restored 1952 after damage in Great Fire and Blitz. The walls, porch and crypt survive from the original building. The Corporation Art Gallery has paintings of great state occasions over the last 100 plus years. The library contains first folios of Shakespeare's plays. The Guildhall Art Library includes painings and drawings of old London . There are limewood statues of Gog and Magog, legendary giants whose warlike exploits resulted in founding of the Now Troy.
Guildhall Clock Museum
One of Britain 's most important horologic collections is housed in the Guildhall Library. It comprises collections of Clockmakers' Company, Antiquarian Horological Society and Osborne Index of Watch Makers.
HMS Belfast
World War II cruiser, now a floating museum. A marked route shows every aspect of the ship. Bridge, operations room and fire-control equipment all at action stations readiness. Below decks, model figures help illustrate life at sea, including sleeping, eating and medical attention.
Leather Lane
A street of pubs, off-licences and cafes with a general market running down the lane.
London Dungeon
A gruesome medieval horror museum on the site of premises occupied by Roland Topcliffe, the royal torturer to Elizabeth I. Displays include Queen Boudicca's death-dealings, headless Mary, Queen of Scots and numerous hangings, rackings and boilings!
St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul 's stands at 365 ft high and 515ft long. It was designed by Sir Christopher Wren after the previous cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. At the centre of the cathedral is the great dome, painted with incidents in life of St Paul . The viewing gallery offers broad views of the City. The Whispering Gallery is reached by 259 stairs and the acoustics allow a whisper uttered on one side to be clearly heard on the other – more than 100 ft away.
The choir stalls carved by Grinling Gibbons and the high altar was consecrated in 1958, after the previous one was damaged by bombing in 1940. Memorials include those of Nelson and Wellington . In the south aisle is the artists corner, with monuments to Blake, Landseer, Reynolds and Turner. The chapel is dedicated to 28,000 fallen US servicemen. Wren's epitaph, in Latin, is beneath the dome: ‘Reader, if you seek his monument, look around you.'
Shakespeare Globe Theatre and Museum
Replica theatre to replace the original version, dating from 1599, where Shakespeare's plays were first performed. The museum is on the site of the 16 th Century bear-baiting ring and illustrates London and the theatre of Shakespeare's time. Displays include a collection of old Bankside entertainment material and a replica of the 1616 stage.
Tower Bridge
Gothic-towered, hydraulically opening road bridge which has been a world landmark since 1894. The high level footbridge is reached by lift or 200 steps. The museum has diagrams, models, films and original equipment which lifted 1100 ton bascules until 1976. Fantastic panoramic views can be seen from the walkway.
Tower of London
Medieval fortress dominated by the White Tower dating from 1097. The Crown Jewels are housed here. Chapel Royal dates from 1520. State enemies were brought through Traitors' Gate for execution. The presence of the Tower's ravens is believed to guarantee its invincibility.
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